This collection from Encyclopedia brings together a diverse set of articles examining the far-reaching effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Covering topics from mental health and environmental changes to medical advancements and societal adaptations, this compendium provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered and the innovations that emerged. Key discussions include the role of mRNA vaccines, the psychological toll of lockdowns, shifts in healthcare delivery, and the pandemic’s impact on various industries. Together, these contributions offer valuable insights into the pandemic’s legacy and the lessons that will shape global preparedness in the future.