Architecture and Construction
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- Tài liệuTechnics and Architecture(The MIT Press, 1992) Elliott, Cecil D.In this richly illustrated history Cecil Elliott focuses on a neglected aspect of architecture, the tecnics of building form. Concentrating on developments in Europe and North America from the Industrial Revolution to the present, he surveys the ways in which new materials, methods, and systems were discovered and tested, and the ways in which they succeeded or failed. Elliott tells the story in two parts, first covering materials - in chapters on wood, masonry, terracotta, iron and steel, glass, cement, and reinforced concrete - and then systems - including lightning protection, sanitation, lighting, heating, air conditioning, elevators and escalators, fire protection, structural engineering, and acoustics. Each chapter begins with a review of the relevant classical and medieval technology, then focuses on developments over the past two centuries, including related business, political, scientific, or social events where these impinge on development or usage.Technics and Architecture brings together information on a broad range of building materials and systems not found in any existing publication. It identifies the principles underlying technical advances in the building arts, pointing out that significant innovations have depended largely on the discovery of new approaches to the problems rather than the polishing of old mechanisms or handcraft methods; that in most cases advances were more rapid when the urgency of development was imposed by uses outside the application of a material or system in buildings; and that the extent of improvements has been extremely uneven. Throughout, Elliott observes that at any specific time a variety of solutions are used simultaneously, according to industrial conditions and economic factors. This being a human activity, he notes, failures, equivocation, misjudgment, and vainglorious acts also play a part.
- Tài liệuDesigns on the Public: The Private Lives of New York’s Public Spaces(University of Minnesota Press, 2007) Miller, KristineKristine F. Miller delves into six of New York’s public spaces, including Times Square, Trump Tower, and Sony Plaza, to trace how design influences their complicated existence. Design is, in Miller’s view, complicit in regulation of public spaces in New York City to exclude undesirables and privilege commercial interests, and in this work she shows how design can reactivate public space and public life.
- Tài liệuMadame Léon Clapisson from Renoir Paintings and Drawings at the Art Institute of Chicago(The Art Institute of Chicago, 2014) Collins, JohnThis portrait of Madame Léon Clapisson is one of twenty-five works that are featured in Renoir Paintings and Drawings at the Art Institute of Chicago. This catalogue features new art historical research and unprecedented high-resolution imaging that allows readers to zoom in to see the artist’s brushstrokes, as well as previously unpublished technical photography that unveils information hidden beneath the surface of the artwork through interactive, layered images showing X-ray, infrared, and other technical imaging.
- Tài liệuThe Beach at Sainte-Adresse(The Art Institute of Chicago, 2014) Groom, Gloria; Shaw, JillThis is one of forty-seven entries in the groundbreaking digital catalogue, Monet Paintings and Drawings at the Art Institute of Chicago. This entry on Monet's The Beach at Saint-Adresse includes new art historical research and unprecedented high-resolution imaging that allows readers to zoom in to see the artist’s brushstrokes, as well as previously unpublished technical photography that unveils information hidden beneath the surface of the artwork. For conservation research and interactive images, see the full catalogue at
- Tài liệuThe conservation of panel paintings and related objects(NWO, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, 2014) van Grevenstein, Anne; New, Britta; Young, Christina; Seymour, Kate; Groves, Roger; Horie, VelsonUntil the early 17th century almost all portable paintings were created on wood supports, including masterpieces by famous painters, ranging from Giotto to Dürer to Rembrandt. The structural conservation of these paintings requires specific knowledge and skills as the supports are susceptible to damage caused by unstable environmental conditions. Unfortunately, past structural interventions often caused significant damage due to insufficient knowledge of the behaviour of the wood panels, glue and paint layers. Over the last fifty years, the field has developed treatment strategies based on interdisciplinary collaboration and on the knowledge of specialist conservators. Most current conservation protocols rely on empirical knowledge of conservators and are not necessarily based on a scientific understanding of the nature and behaviour of wood and paint layers. In order to move the field forward, it is imperative to strengthen scientific research into the production methods, ageing and future behaviour of panel paintings, being an intricate interplay between different materials. A deeper understanding of the processes that adversely affect panel paintings over time will contribute to the improved care and conservation of these artworks. The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam brought together a group of experts from different disciplines to recommend specific areas in the field that would benefit from systematic research. The experts concluded that targeted interdisciplinary research projects are key to understanding the behaviour of panel paintings and help conservators make better informed decisions. Research into chemical and physical properties of wood, glue and paint layers should be combined with an evaluation of past and current conservation treatments. Research should also consider the history of the object, studio practice, conservation history and thoughts on long-term impact of treatments.
- Tài liệuParis Street; Rainy Day from Caillebotte Paintings and Drawings at the Art Institute of Chicago(The Art Institute of Chicago, 2015) Groom, GloriaGroundbreaking conservation and research discoveries about Caillebotte’s remarkable and beloved painting Paris Street: Rainy Day are revealed in this entry from Caillebotte Paintings and Drawings at the Art Institute of Chicago. One of the many digital assets included in the catalogue is a video shot on the street in Paris that helps to explain the artist’s use of a camera lucida to create the preparatory sketch and painting. Interactive and layered high-resolution imaging, videos, and previously unpublished technical photography unveil extensive new research on Paris Street: Rainy Day. For the full catalogue, please visit www.artic.edu/digitalcaillebotte
- Tài liệuYoung Peasant Having Her Coffee from Pissarro Paintings and Works on Paper from the Art Institute of Chicago(The Art Institute of Chicago, 2015) Brettell, Richard R.This entry features in-depth research on Pissarro's Young Peasant Having Her Coffee, drawing fascinating connections between Pissarro’s life and work, and offering novel insights into his technique, showing how he consistently pushed Impressionist approaches in new directions. For more in-depth conservation research and interactive images, see the full catalogue at
- Tài liệuEnergy Efficiency Solutions for Historic Buildings. A Handbook(Birkhäuser - an imprint of De Gruyter, 2015) Bastian, Zeno; Troi, AlexandraThis handbook holistically summarises the principles for the energy retrofitting of historic buildings, from the first diagnosis to the adequately designed intervention: preservation of the historic structure, user comfort, and energy efficiency. The content was developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The wide range of different expertise, design examples, calculations, and measuring results from eight case studies makes this manual an indispensable tool for all architects, engineers, and energy consultants.
- Tài liệuEnergy Efficiency Solutions for Historic Buildings(Birkhäuser - an imprint of De Gruyter, 2015) Bastian, Zeno; Troi, AlexandraWhen the first version of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive came out in December 2002 (Directive 2002/91 / EC), there was a fear that old buildings would be disfigured, or ruined. This has now changed to a more constructive approach. We all want to preserve such buildings, we want to use them and also to make them more energy efficient. This has, of course, to be done in a way that is compatible with the heritage value of a building. There are no standard solutions for an energy retrofit of a historic building, but with the right approach the appropriate solution for a particular building can be found. There are manifold technologies available; it is the task of the design team to select the right ones and adapt them to suit the needs of each building.
- Tài liệuIntroduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning(University of North Georgia Press, 2016) Sachant, Pamela; Blood, PeggyIntroduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning offers a comprehensive introduction to the world of Art. Authored by four USG faculty members with advance degrees in the arts, this textbooks offers up-to-date original scholarship. It includes over 400 high-quality images illustrating the history of art, its technical applications, and its many uses. Combining the best elements of both a traditional textbook and a reader, it introduces such issues in art as its meaning and purpose; its meaning and purpose; its structure, material, and form; and its diverse effects on our lives. Its digital nature allows students to follow links to applicable sources and videos, expanding the students' educational experiences beyond the textbook. Introduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning provides a new and free alternative to traditional textbooks, making it an invaluable resource in our modern age of technology and advancement.
- Tài liệuDrawing Futures(UCL Press, 2016) Migayrou, Frédéric; Pearson, Luke; Allen, Laura; Sheil, BobDrawing Futures focuses on the discussion of how the field of drawing may expand synchronously alongside technological and computational developments. The book coincides with an international conference of the same name, taking place at The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, in November 2016. Bringing together practitioners from many creative fields, the book discusses how drawing is changing in relation to new technologies for the production and dissemination of ideas.
- Tài liệuEarthly Paradise from Gauguin Paintings, Sculpture, and Graphic Works at the Art Institute of Chicago(The Art Institute of Chicago, 2016) Groom, GloriaBy the summer of 1886, when Gauguin first worked in Pont-Aven, the small village on the coast of Brittany had been “colonized” for several decades by a multinational group of artists who were attracted to the region’s traditions and indigenous population, especially the women (bretonnes), with their ornate velvet and lace folkloric ensembles and picturesque bonnets, or coifs.² When Gauguin returned to Pont-Aven in 1888, he was surrounded by an ever-growing group of followers.³ Becoming known collectively as the Pont-Aven School, its members called for a new approach to easel painting based on the memory of a subject and the...
- Tài liệuThe House as a Product(IOS Press, 2016) A. VoglerIndustrialized housing has been a common phenomenon in the building industry since the industrial revolution; the casting of iron components enabled Victorian iron casters to prefabricate entire buildings and to export them to all British colonies. It got a second boost from Modernist architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann; and a third boost in the US when the soldiers came back from the Second World War in 1945 and wanted to buy a ready-made house. In the later decades of the 20th century composite prototypes were built. Timber frame houses are extremely popular in low density areas worldwide. For densely populated areas housing is now firmly attached to reinforced concrete. The contracting industries have developed efficient building methods for the concrete structures on which separate systems of claddings are fixed to form a house. However, in the coming decades, designers, builders and scientists also have to keep the environment in mind, working with a minimal amount of materials, and for minimizing embodied energy and energy use. In the coming age minimal embodied energy and low ecological footprints are renewed values that will be added to energy-positive housing and that will have an influence on the building technology of the future. This will lead to a reformation of the building vocabulary. Other materials will have to be chosen and developed to function in building elements and components.
- Tài liệuIntroduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning(University of North Georgia Press, 2016) Sachant, Pamela J.; Blood, Peggy; LeMieux, JefferyIntroduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning offers a comprehensive introduction to the world of Art. Authored by four USG faculty members with advance degrees in the arts, this textbooks offers up-to-date original scholarship. It includes over 400 high-quality images illustrating the history of art, its technical applications, and its many uses.
- Tài liệuNoise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment(MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017) Jian KangWith global urbanization rapidly rising and the increasing need of high-quality built environments, the requirement of achieving improved sound quality, both for outdoor and indoor environments, has received a lot of attention. This Special Issue collection reflects the current state of the art, with 12 papers covering environmental acoustics; the influence of soundscapes on people’s behavior; soundscape pleasantness estimation; tranquility; perceived quality of sonic environments; sound and vibration-related health complaints concerning tramways; and the disturbance of construction machines; as well as in building and room acoustics, including natural ventilation-enabling façade noise control devices; the effect of external shading devices; rating method of airborne sound insulation; water supply and drainage noise, and the effect of diffusive surfaces in auditoria. Some papers cover research on the engineering aspects of sound and vibration, such as sound propagation and noise control techniques, as well as perception aspects of sound, such as indoor acoustic comfort and environmental soundscapes. The book is prefaced by Prof. S Wu, entitled ‘Sustainable Urban Sound Environment’.
- Tài liệuNoise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment(MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017) Kang, JianNoise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment offers a comprehensive overview of the principles, strategies, and applications used to manage noise and vibration in architectural and urban spaces. It explores common sources such as traffic, mechanical systems, HVAC units, and construction activities, and presents effective design solutions involving soundproofing materials, structural configurations, spatial planning, and simulation tools. The book also discusses the impact of noise and vibration on human health, productivity, and quality of life, along with relevant international standards and measurement techniques. This resource is essential for architects, building engineers, urban planners, and researchers aiming to create acoustically optimized environments.
- Tài liệuBuilding Maintenance & Construction: Tools and Maintenance Tasks(University of Hawaii Manoa, 2018) Rutherford, CliffordBuilding Maintenance & Construction: Tools and Maintenance Tasks introduces and develops knowledge of basic building maintenance tools and materials, applied skills and techniques, industry health and safety standards, and preventive maintenance and troubleshooting practices required by employers for entry-level positions in the building trades and facilities maintenance fields.
- Tài liệuHousing Estates in Europe: Poverty, Ethnic Segregation and Policy Challenges(Springer, 2018) Hess, Daniel Baldwin; Tammaru, Tiit; Ham, Maarten vanThis open access book explores the formation and socio-spatial trajectories of large housing estates in Europe. Are these estates clustered or scattered? Which social groups originally had access to residential space in housing estates? What is the size, scale and geography of housing estates, their architectural and built environment composition, services and neighbourhood amenities, and metropolitan connectivity? How do housing estates contribute to the urban mosaic of neighborhoods by ethnic and socio-economic status? What types of policies and planning initiatives have been implemented in order to prevent the social downgrading of housing estates? The collection of chapters in this book addresses these questions from a new perspective previously unexplored in scholarly literature. The social aspects of housing estates are thoroughly investigated (including socio-demographic and economic characteristics of current and past inhabitants; ethnicity and segregation patterns; population dynamics; etc.), and the physical composition of housing estates is described in significant detail (including building materials; building form; architectural and landscape design; built environment characteristics; etc.). This book is timely because the recent global economic crisis and Europe’s immigration crisis demand a thorough investigation of the role large housing estates play in poverty and ethnic concentration. Through case studies of housing estates in 14 European centers, the book also identifies policy measures that have been used to address challenges in housing estates throughout Europe.
- Tài liệuLandscape impact assessment in planning processes(De Gruyter, 2019) Gazzola, Paola; Belčáková, Ingrid; Pauditšová, EvaThe book is specifically dedicated to a broad spectrum of aspects of landscape impact assessment in the process of strategic planning and decision-making. It aims to show the required standard process, content and scope of assessment of impact on the landscape and to present the main principles to ensure their integrity and consistency.
- Tài liệuElasticity of Materials(IntechOpen, 2019) Günay, EzgiIn the science of physics, elasticity is the ability of a deformable body (e.g., steel, aluminum, rubber, wood, crystals, etc.) to resist a distorting effect and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid bodies will deform when satisfying forces are applied to them. Elasticity solution of materials will be grouped in forms of linear and nonlinear elasticity formulations. The main subject of this book is engineering elasticity and consists of five chapters in two main sections. These two main sections are "General Theorems in Elasticity" and "Engineering Applications in Theory of Elasticity." The first chapter of the first section belongs to the editor and is entitled "Analytical and Numerical Approaches in Engineering Elasticity." The second chapter in the first section is entitled "A General Overview of Stress-Strain Analysis for the Elasticity Equations" by P. Kumar, M. Mahanty, and A. Chattopadhyay. The first chapter of the second section is entitled "FEA and Experimental Determination of Applied Elasticity Problems for Fabricating Aspheric Surfaces" by Dr. D.N. Nguyen. The second chapter is entitled "Concept of Phase Transition Based on Elastic Systematics" by Dr. P.S. Nnamchi and Dr. C.S. Obayi. The third chapter is entitled "Repair Inspection Technique Based on Elastic-Wave Tomography Applied for Deteriorated Concrete Structures" by Dr. K. Hashimoto, Dr. T. Shiotani, Dr. T. Nishida, and Dr. N. Okude. Finally, this book includes the basic principles of elasticity and related engineering applications about theory and design.