Biotechnology
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- Tài liệuBionanotechnology to Save the Environment: Plant and Fishery's Biomass as Alternative to Petrol(MDPI, 2019) Morganti, PierfrancescoThe main aim of the current policy is to keep the environment in orbit with economics at the centre, not considering nature or environment as simple commodities. Preserving planet Earth’s biodiversity is crucial in order to keep its ecosystems in equilibrium. For this purpose, it is necessary to produce goods and tools using bio- and eco-compatible methodologies whilst also increasing knowledge on the concept of industrial sustainability. In fact, sustainability has to be based on the 3P pillars, Planet, People, and Profit, i.e., (a) the preservation of the planet’s environment; (b) the respect of people’s safety and well-being, to meet social expectations; (c) the maintenance of the industrial profit to manufacture and compete at a global level. Without entering into any kind of neoliberal education policy, this book aims to present new ideas to encourage those in the manufacturing industry to use both industrial and agricultural biomass in order to produce goods in a greener way. It may also encourage scientists and marketing professionals to educate the consumer on the necessity of maintaining biodiversity without impoverishing our planet of crucial raw materials.
- Tài liệuAdvances in Aquatic Invertebrate Stem Cell Research: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications(MDPI, 2022) Ballarin, Loriano; Rinkevich, Baruch; Hobmayer, BertAquatic invertebrates represent the largest biodiversity and the widest phylogenetic radiation on Earth, with more than 2 million known species. Up until a few years ago, their use as Model organisms in biological research was limited by the paucity of omics data. Recently, the situation has rapidly changed and is still changing. Today, the genomes and various transcriptomes of many aquatic invertebrate species, as well as many recombinant proteins of invertebrate origin, are available. New technologies have revolutionised the available toolbox of research methodologies. This explains the rising interest of researchers in the use of aquatic invertebrates as reliable model organisms. In contrast to the prevalence of diverse oligopotent and unipotent stem cells in vertebrates, aquatic invertebrates (especially non-ecdysozoan invertebrates) exhibit multiple adult cell types with stem cell attributes characterised by multipotency and pluripotency; furthermore, these give rise to cell lineages characteristic of more than a single germ layer, sometimes with somatic and germ line potentials. In addition, unlike vertebrates, aquatic invertebrate adult stem cells are disseminated and widespread inside the animal body, are not associated with a regulatory microenvironment (niche), and do participate in ageing and regeneration phenomena. These properties can help us to better understand the processes and phenomena in mammalian stem cell biology, such as natural chimerism and cancer, ageing and senescence, immunity, and autoimmune responses, which are all difficult to explain or understand in the human context.
- Tài liệuToxoplasmosis: Epidemiology, Prevention and Control(MDPI, 2023) Hotea, Ionela; Dărăbuș, GheorgheThe scientific motivation to publish this book comes from the increased interest in the study of toxoplasmosis shown all over the world. Though the T. gondii infection was first discovered in 1908, toxoplasmosis remains a current research topic, and there is a realm of questions and dilemmas that interest both veterinarians and human doctors. The increased prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals, as well as the difficulty of the coproscopic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats, expensive serological examinations in both animals and humans, a lack of diagnostic methods accessible to veterinarians in slaughterhouses, and cultural and culinary differences in human patients, which can influence the prevalence of the disease, motivate the scientific and practical importance of the proposed book, and reveal the importance of this topic for animal and human health. So, the proposed book will contain information regarding the aetiology and history of Toxoplasma gondii infection and also the parasite’s morphology and biology. This work will contain a very detailed epidemiology of toxoplasmosis from all over the world and for all species of animals. This chapter will also include the personal findings of the authors about T. gondii seroprevalence in domestic animals from Romania. In the last part of the book, we will present the main methods for toxoplasma diagnosis. At the end of the book, we will synthesise the main routes for T. gondii infection and the recommendations for reducing toxoplasmosis seroprevalence.
- Tài liệuDysbiosis of the Evolved Intestinal Microbiome: Lessons for Health in Future Generations(MDPI, 2025) Smith, DavidWhile it is clearly recognised that many non-communicable disorders are related to a disturbed microbiome (commonly called dysbiosis, a shortened term for microbiome failure: dysmicrobiosis), there is an absence of widely accepted underlying theories. The aim of this book is to show that all such disorders, be they weight gain, immune system disturbance, or poor mental health, stem from a single underlying problem: the failure to transfer key intestinal microbes from the mother to the new-born during birth. Furthermore, in contrast to the normal, exclusively bacterial approach, the book describes what might be called a “second generation” approach to the microbiome, that emphasises beneficial microeukaryotes acting to coordinate diverse bacterial functionality. Most importantly, lessons have been drawn to guide future research, the aim being to reintroduce these key microbes at the time of birth, alongside breast milk (bank milk if necessary) and before the immune system of the infant is fully established. If all goes as expected, not only can the present “triple plagues” of non-communicable disease be ameliorated more efficiently, but it should also be possible to banish such disease from future populations. Unfortunately, however, beneficial microeukaryotes will be hard to detect, while resistance-inducing oral antibiotics must be limited.
- Tài liệuLaboratory Biosafety Manual(World Health Organization, 2020) World Health Organization (WHO)The WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual (4th edition) is a global reference for best practices in biosafety, widely adopted by clinical, public health, and biomedical laboratories. This edition emphasizes a risk-based approach, introduced in the previous edition, to ensure that biosafety measures match actual risks. The manual aims to help countries implement national codes of practice for handling biological agents safely. It promotes optimized resource use, sustainable biosafety and biosecurity policies, and equitable access to laboratory testing and research without compromising safety.