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Đang hiển thị 1 - 20 trong tổng số 35

A comparison of chemical composition and antioxidant activity in various Vietnamese garlic oil samples
(Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 2020-10) Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Lan, MD
Garlic is a familiar spice in all households and in medicine. It is also known for its potent antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This study determined the optimal combination of operating parameters for the hydrodistillation of Ly Son garlic essential oil. The effects of distillation time, water-to-material ratio, soaking time in NaCl solution, and NaCl concentration on the yield of essential oil extraction were investigated. The results established the optimal extraction conditions as follows: distillation time of 2.5 hours, soaking time of 1 hour, NaCl concentration of 2%, and a water-to-material ratio of 1:7. Under these conditions, the maximum yield obtained was 3%. Ly Son garlic exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, while Phan Rang garlic showed the lowest.
A mini-review on shallow-bed constructed wetlands: a promising innovative green roof
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý tài nguyên môi trường), 2024) Vo, Thi Dieu Hien
Shallow-bed constructed wetland (SCW) has been used as a secondary wastewater treatment technology with low cost, less maintaining and operational requirements and environmental friendliness. Green roof has been considered an effective solution in saving energy, enhancing green space, providing landscape aesthetics, limiting stormwater runoff causing flooding, and purifying air pollutants. Recently, a wetland roof (WR) has been interested as a good integration of these two technologies. To gain an insight understanding of this combination, this review aimed to provide the potential applications of SCW on the roof as a WR. Factors affecting performance, benefits and challenges of SCW were also presented.The literature data showed WR was a promising green technology that needed to be investigated and scaled-up in the future.
Áp dụng phương pháp phân giải cao để dự đoán và phân lập chất từ cao Methanol của cây Thường Xuân (Hedera Nepalensis K.Koch)
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Khoa Kỹ thuật Thực phẩm và Môi trường), 2018) Trần, Thị Kim Ngân; Nguyễn, Thị Ngọc Lan (hướng dẫn)
Video trình bày về Khóa luận tốt nghiệp đề tài Áp dụng phương pháp phân giải cao để dự đoán và phân lập chất từ cao Methanol của cây Thường Xuân (Hedera Nepalensis K.Koch) trong Hội thảo sinh viên Nghiên cứu khoa học Lần 5 năm 2022
Assessment of nutrients (c, n, p) and heavy metal pollutions in surface canals sediments in ho chi minh city
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi trường), 2024) Ho, Ngoc Tich; Dang, Thuy Linh; Le Quang Huy; Nguyen, Thanh Nho
Canals are considered as primary recipients of dissolved and suspended matters that can be locally accumulated and/or transported far away from emission sources into surface sediments or sludges. Nutrients and heavy metals can pose risks to the environment if they exceed the natural processing capacity of ecosystems. The objectives of this study is assess the status of nutrients (C, N, P) and heavy metals pollution in the surface sediments in canals in Ho Chi Minh City. Sediment samples were taken at four canals, including Tau Hu, Vam Thuat, Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe and 19/05 at the dry and wet season. The results showed that the contents of nutrients (C, N, P) in the canals were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. However, there is no guideline of the National Technical Regulation (QCVN) regarding the level of nutrient contents in the sediments. Therefore, we only presented the accumulation levels of nutrients in the canals. The results showed that the content Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni. The impact and risk assessments showed that the CF of elements was at low, medium and high, Igeo was in the range of no pollution to low and medium pollution. The PLI index > 1 and the RAC risk coefficient within < 30% indicate the pollution and impact of metals on environmental quality. It could be concluded that the studied rivers/canals in Ho Chi Minh City were accumulating large amounts of nutrients and heavy metals that can affect the life of aquatic animals and microorganisms. So, it is necessary to conduct a requirement to prevent and reduce the emission of organic substances and metals into the rivers/canals as well as canal rehabilitation that provide a better environmental condition for the life of aquatic organisms, animals, and humans living close to the canals
Assessment Of The Total Phenolic Contents And Antioxidant Capacities In Roasted Ground Coffee Products In Viet Nam
(Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 2022-09) Nguyen, Nhut Truong; Tran, Bui Phuc; Nguyen, Cong Hau
Coffee tree is a popular non-alcoholic beverage in the world thanks to its taste and health benefits to humans. TPC results in descending order: light > medium > dark, in which light roast gives the highest total phenolic compounds. Besides, TPC and TEAC differ in degrees of roasting, with light roasting mainly showing the highest value due to the balance between the breakdown of phenolic compounds and the generation of new antioxidant compounds. mainly from the Maillard reactions. The close correlation between TPC and antioxidant capacity for the correlation coefficient (R2> 0.7) suggests that phenolic compounds play an important role in the antioxidant capacity of coffee.
Bioactive Compounds From Red Cabbage By Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Anthocyanins, Total Phenolic Compounds And The Antioxidant Activity
(Department of Food Technology, Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam; College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam; Department of Chemical Technology, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 2024) Nguyen, Hong Khoi Nguyen; Le, Ngoc Truc Phuong; Phan, Thi Kieu Linh; Tran, Thanh Truc; Mai, Huynh Cang
Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. Rubra) is a vegetable known for its antioxidant activity and rich nutrient composition, especially anthocyanin compounds. The objective of this research is to determine optimal conditions to yield the highest contents of anthocyanin, polyphenol and antioxidant activity from red cabbage with the microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE). Anthocyanin was evaluated based on the pH-differential method, the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to evaluate the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity based on the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that, extraction conditions consisting of ethanol concentration of 60o, solid to solvent ratio of 1:30, microwave power of 600W and microwave-assisted extraction time of 2 minutes, gave the highest anthocyanin content at 73.89 mg/L.The content of polyphenol reached 5244.88 mg/L and the antioxidant activity was 1739.4 μmol/L.
Biodegradable films made of carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin combined with betel leaves extract in food preservation
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Khoa Kỹ thuật Thực phẩm và Môi trường), 2018) Nguyen, Tran Tu Duyen; Do, Minh Huy (instructor)
This video is Introduct the topic: Biodegradable films made of carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin combined with betel leaves extract in food preservation
Circular economy for pig farm in Viet Nam
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi trường), 2024) Huynh, Do Anh Thu; Nguyen, Thi Cam Huong; Nguyen, Thi Thanh Xuan; Tra, Van Hung
Pig farming has provided an important source of income for farmers. However, alongside its many benefits, animal husbandry also brings significant problems such as diseases and environmental pollution. Notably, the failure to safely treat livestock waste has serious impacts on both the environment and people. Integrated livestock models have been successful in minimizing pig herd pollution and increasing farmers' incomes. Reusing waste from pig farms to produce fertilizer for crops is essential in reducing environmental pollution. Livestock waste is a recyclable resource for crop fertilization, which can benefit family farms both economically and environmentally. Research and production of fulvic bio-organic fertilizer – amino acids from pig farm emissions – aim to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. An experimental model on the effect of foliar fertilizer on leafy vegetable crops was conducted in vegetable gardens in Hoc Mon district.
Combination photocatalystic process with h2o2 for enhancement diclofenac removal in wastewater
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi trường), 2024) Pham, Van Thuong; Tra, Van Tung
Diclofenac (DCF) is a synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory and painful diseases of rheumatic and non-rheumatic origin. It is a chemical that is difficult to biodegrade and difficult to completely remove by a conventional wastewater treatment plant. A large amount of DCF already in use in Europe (EU) has been detected in many cooperatives in EU countries. In recent years, higher-order oxidation processes have been applied to treat DCF by various processes including photocatalysis such as the TiO2/UV process. Heterocatalytic photocatalysts are increasingly widely applied with high decomposition efficiency as well as good photocatalytic activity, non-toxic, chemically inert and low cost.
Comparison of Phytochemical Contents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Various Solvent Extracts Obtained from ‘Maluma’ Avocado Pulp Powder
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Công nghệ thực phẩm), 2024) Thi, Van Linh Nguyen; Quoc, Duy Nguyen; Nhu, Ngoc Nguyen; Thi, Thuy Dung Nguyen
Although avocado is a superfood rich in phytochemicals with high antioxidant activities, studies on the antibacterial properties of its pulp are limited, except for seed and peel portions. In this study, three types of solvent (acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether) were used to obtain the extracts from “Maluma” avocado pulp powder prepared by infrared drying. The extracts were analyzed for total polyphenols, phytopigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), antioxidant activities (ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays), and antibacterial activities against seven pathogens (Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778). The results showed that the acetone solvent could extract the highest polyphenols and chlorophylls with the highest antioxidant activity in terms of ABTS and DPPH assays. In contrast, diethyl ether exhibited the most significant content of carotenoids and FRAP values. However, the methanol extract was the best solvent, exerting the strongest antibacterial and meaningful antioxidant activities. For the bacterial activities, Gram-positive pathogens (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) were inhibited more efficiently by avocado extracts than Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the extracts from avocado powder showed great potential for applications in food processing and preservation, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. [5]
Drying kinetics and changes of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and color parameters of mango and avocado pulp in refractance window drying
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Công nghệ Thực phẩm), 2024) Thi, Van Linh Nguyen; Quoc, Duy Nguyen; Phuoc Bao Duy Nguyen
Refractance window drying is an innovative technology belonging to the fourth generation of drying technologies that could enhance the quality of the dried product and improve the drying process. In this study, two factors with the type of fruit pulps (avocado and mango) and drying temperature (ranging from 80 to 95 ºC) were investigated. Results showed that in refractance window drying, the evaporation process rapidly occurred, mainly in the falling-rate period with undetectable constant-rate period. The Weibull was the best fit model among eight investigated mathematical models that could determine the drying behavior. The effective diffusivity was found to be from 4.25×10-10 m2/s to 7.24×10-10 m2/s for avocado pulp, and from 4.50×10-10 m2/s to 10.67×10-10 m2/s for mango pulp when the drying temperature was changed from 80 to 95 ºC. Moreover, the corresponding activation energy was 32.06 and 66.03 kJ/mol for avocado and mango pulp moisture evaporation, respectively, and the highest quality of powders of both dried pulps was obtained after processing at 90°C. The refractance window drying revealed a high potential in the production of fruit powders from avocado and mango due to the high retention of more than 80% of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. TPC could be used as a useful criterion for the evaluation of the drying process in terms of dried product quality [5]
Effects of Infrared Drying Conditions and Maltodextrin Addition on Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Avocado (Persea americana) Pulp Powder
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Công nghệ thực phẩm), 2024) Thi, Van Linh Nguyen; Quoc, Duy Nguyen; Thi, Thuy Dung Nguyen; Phuoc, Bao Duy Nguyen
In this study, avocado pulp with a good nutritional profile and economic value was dehydrated using infrared drying to produce pulp powder, which shows potential application in nutritional supplements. An experimental design with two factors, namely maltodextrin level (0% and 9%) and infrared temperature (ranging from 65 to 80 ºC), was used. Responses related to the physicochemical properties of the resulted powder were observed, including peroxide value, total polyphenols, total chlorophylls, antioxidant activity, and color parameters (L*, a*, and b* values). The quality of dried products may be harmed by drying either at a high temperature or for an extended period of time. The coating substance maltodextrin was found to be beneficial in limiting unexpected changes in avocado pulp subjected to infrared drying. The highest quality of dried avocado could be obtained via infrared drying of avocado pulp with 9% maltodextrin at 70 ºC, as illustrated by the exceptional retention of total polyphenols, total chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity, being 95.1, 95.2, and 94.4%, respectively. Moreover, the short drying time (35–55 min) led to the minimization of lipid oxidation and the absence of peroxide compounds in all sample [4]
Emerging revolving algae biofilm system for algal biomass production and nutrient recovery from wastewater
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi trường), 2024) Vo, Thi Dieu Hien
Toward the direction of zero‐carbon emission and green technologies for wastewater treatment, algae-based technologies are considered promising candidates to deal with the current situation of pollution and climate change. Recent developments of algae-based technologies have been introduced in previous studies in which their performances were optimized for wastewater treatment and biomass production. Among these, revolving algae biofilm (RAB) reactors have been proven to have a great potential in high biomass productivity, simple harvesting method, great CO2 transfer rate, high light-use efficiency, heavy metal capture, nutrient removal, and acid mine drainage treatment in previous studies. However, there were few articles detailing RAB performance, which concealed its enormous potential and diminished interest in the model. Hence, this review aims to reveal the major benefit of RAB reactors in simultaneous wastewater treatment and biomass cultivation. However, there is still a lack of research on aspects to upgrade this technology which requires further investigations to improve performance or fulfill the concept of circular economy.
Evaluation of the contamination of Antibiotic resistant E. coli at a Wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi trường), 2024) Huynh, Nhu Hao; Thai, Bao Duy; Le, Thai Hoang
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global problem threatening human health as resistant bacteria become difficult or impossible to treat with existing antibacterial drugs. Contamination of antibiotics or substances with antimicrobial activity from human discharge activities including domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities is believed to be the leading cause of antibiotic resistance development. In this study, the indole test and the disk diffusion method are used to confirm E. coli and to measure the multidrug resistance of E. coli in wastewater. As the results, the indole test showed that the highest percentage of positive colonies in S1 about 75-100% and the lowest in S5 about 45-60%. The disk diffusion test showed that E. coli strains resistant to 1 of 5 target antibiotics (Amikacin, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Cefixime, ciprofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim) isolated from wastewater samples gave a total of cross-resistance with other antibiotics is very high. Many strains are resistant to more than 1 antibiotic, especially Amikacin resistant strains have the resistance rate to all 5 antibiotics tested up to 31.25%. The results showed that antibiotic-resistant pollution is present in wastewater in Ho Chi Minh City, and specific action plans need to be taken to minimize the level of pollution as well as the possibility of spreading antibiotic resistance in the environment.
Extraction of fennel essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare M.): method, chemical composition, and kinetic model
(Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 2024-08) Cuong, M. Huynh; Danh, H. Pham, MSc.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) is one of the most commonly used and extensively studied medicinal herbs worldwide. Many researchers report multitudinous health benefits. This study used hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods to extract fennel essential oil. Parameters affecting the process such as material-to-water ratio, heater power, and distillation time were investigated. Both techniques achieved the highest yield (1.9%) at a material-to-water ratio of 1:6, heater power of 350 W (HD), and 1080 W (MAHD). Under these conditions, the two-site desorption model showed compatibility, i.e., the extraction process included two stages of breaking essential oil particles and diffusing them from plant cells. Chemical composition analysis showed fennel essential oil contained four main components: anethole (58.76%), estragole (26.55%), terpinolene (8.32%), and D-limonene (4.66%). Among them, anethole is the main scent compound of fennel seed oil and exhibits anticancer activity.
Fabrication of Rosemary Essential Oil Nanoemulsions via Phase Inversion Temperature
(Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University; AOTA International Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City, 2019-10) Le, Minh Thuy Duong, ST; Luu, Xuan Cuong, PhD; Nguyen, Dinh Phuc, MD
This research aimed to develop a rosemary essential oil nanoemulsion using the phase inversion temperature method. Various factors influencing emulsion formation and characteristics, including oil phase composition, surfactant type, and mixing temperature, were investigated. The phase inversion temperature of the system was determined to be approximately 70°C. Among the surfactants evaluated, Tween 80 exhibited exceptional performance in producing nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions containing up to 10% oil phase could be successfully formulated using 10% Tween 80. Stability testing indicated that the rosemary nanoemulsion remained stable for over 30 days. These findings hold potential for expanding the utilization of rosemary essential oil.
Floating treatment wetlands to improve the water quality of the hang bang canal, ho chi minh city, vietnam: effect of plant species
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý Tài nguyên Môi Trường), 2024) Vo, Thi Dieu Hien
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are artifcial platforms that allow aquatic emergent plants to grow in water. Aquatic macrophytes and microorganisms attached to plant roots contribute to the remediation of the contaminated water through physicochemical and biological processes. The pollutant removal treatment performance is affected by various factors, including the plant species. In this study, several plant species, i.e. Canna generalis, Phragmites australis, Pennisetum purpureum, Cyperus alternifolius rottb, Kyllinga brevifolia rottb, and Cyperus ordoratus were investigated for their potential to clean-up water from the Hang Bang canal in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Canna generalis, Phragmites australis, and Cyperus alternifoliuswere found to be suitable for FTWs with the highest performance compared to that of other plant species investigated. The organic and nitrogen removal rates amounted to 48–70 gCOD/m3.d and 0.7–1.2 gN/m3.d, respectively, whereas the reduction of pathogens was around 1.86–3.00 log. Furthermore, FTW systems bring other benefts such as improving ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, producing value-added products from plant biomass, as well as attracting the attention of communities, thus increasing social acceptance of environmental technology interventions.
Gelatin/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films: Modification Of Physical Properties By Different Hydrocolloids And Application In Beef Preservation In Combination With Shallot Waste Powder
(Department of Food Technology, Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam, 2024) Tran, Thi Tuong Vi; Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc; Nguyen, Quoc Duy; Nguyen, Tran Phong; Lien, Tuyet Ngan
In this work, a gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) base formulation was first modified by using different hydrocolloids like oxidized starch (1404), hydroxypropyl starch (1440), locust bean gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum. The properties of modified films were characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA-DSC before selecting of best-modified film for further development with shallot waste powder. SEM images showed that the rough or heterogeneous surface of the base was changed to more even and smooth depending on the hydrocolloids used while FTIR results demonstrated that a new NCO functional group nonexistent in the base formulation was found for most of the modified films, implying that the modification led to the formation of this functional group. Compared to other hydrocolloids, the addition of guar gum into the gelatin/CMC base has improved its properties such as better color appearance, higher stability, and less weight loss during thermal degradation, and had minimal effect on the structure of resulting films. Subsequently, the incorporation of spray-dried shallot peel powder into gelatin/CMC/guar gum was conducted to investigate the applicability of edible films in the preservation of raw beef. Antibacterial activity assays revealed that the films can inhibit and kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. It is noteworthy that the addition of 0.5% shallot powder not only effectively decelerated the microbial growth but also destroyed E. coli during 11 days of storage (2.8 log CFU g-1) and the bacterial count was even lower than that of uncoated raw beef on day 0 (3.3 log CFU g-1).
Green Removal Of Unpleasant Volatiles From Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi) Extracts By Two- Phase Microbial Fermentation Fortified With Pomelo Peel Waste
(Department of Food Technology, Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam, 2024) Nguyen, Quoc Duy; La, Quoc Duy; Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc; Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Lan
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn) is a popular woody plant in Vietnam, often used as a cleaning product due to its ability to wash, foam and emulsify due to high saponin content. In this study, the performance of fermentation by two microbial strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae active dry yeast (ADY) and Levilactobacillus brevis lactic acid bacteria (LB) along with the addition of pomelo peel (flavedo) was evaluated during 15 days in terms of sugar removal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, foaming power, volatile composition, and sensory acceptability. The results showed that the soluble solid content of original extracts experienced a significant decrease from 14.5% to a stable range of 9.4–11.0% until day 15 for all fermented samples, which correlated with a reduction by approximately 60% in reducing sugars (from 12.52 g L−1 to 4.77–6.56 g L−1). In addition, the saponin content of fermented extracts was in the range of 118.2–145.0 mg L−1 while antioxidant activities were extremely reduced after 15 days of fermentation. Increases in pomelo peel imparted fermented extracts with greater antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and LB had higher activity than ADY overall. Regarding the volatile profiles, two main compounds in the original extracts, including trilaurin (75.02%) and 1-dodecanoyl-3-myristoyl glycerol (24.85%), were completely removed and replaced by new alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, and organic acids, and particularly D-limonene (86.34–95.31%) upon pomelo addition. Additionally, the foaming ability and stability of fermented extracts were also enhanced and there was clear distinction between fermented and unfermented samples using principal component analysis based on sensory liking data which showed consumers' preference towards fermented samples with a high percentage of pomelo peel. [6]
Influence of nitrogen species and biomass retention time on nutrient removal and biomass productivity in a microalgae-based bioreactor
(Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành (Ngành Quản lý tài nguyên môi trường), 2024) Vo, Thi Dieu Hien
This study examined the effects of nitrogen species (NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio) and biomass retention time (BRT) on nutrient uptake and biomass productivity in Chlorella sp. In batch photobioreactors (PBR), microalgae were cultivated with varied nitrogen species ratios (100% NH4+-N, 50% NH4+–N:50% NO3--N, and 100% NO3--N). It was observed that a medium containing 100% NO3––N boosted algae growth, with a maximum biomass concentration of 3188 mg/L. However, the lowest nutrient removal rates were obtained under the 100% NO3--N condition, according to the reverse logistics model. In contrast, the highest removal rates occurred for substrate containing 100% of NH4+-N species based on first-order decay models, although yield biomass was lower (2940 mg/L). The presence of the ammonia nitrogen resulted in the flocculation of the microalgae into large flocs, suggesting that ammonia nitrogen was rapidly consumed to produce flocculation-related metabolic products rather than for biomass production. Using the 100% NH4+-N medium, different BRT values (7, 5, 3, 2 days) were examined under continuous operation using a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). At 3-day BRT, the maximum biomass productivity, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal rates were 214 ± 4, 63.1 ± 4.1, and 2.1 ± 0.6 mg/L d, respectively. The biomass yield increased as the BRT decreased, leading to an increase in pollutant removal rates. Finally, this study provides some essential information for improving the operating conditions of membrane photobioreactor system under different biomass retention times and various nitrogen sources in the feed.

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